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<text id=92TT1084>
<title>
May 18, 1992: Keepers of the Flock
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
May 18, 1992 Roger Keith Coleman:Due to Die
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
RELIGION, Page 62
Keepers of the Flock
</hdr><body>
<p>Boston spawns one of Protestantism's hottest churches, but
critics call it a cult and accuse its leaders of dictatorship
</p>
<p>By RICHARD N. OSTLING -- Reported by Sophfronia Scott Gregory/
Boston
</p>
<p> Staid New England is not known as a hotbed of evangelism.
Yet it has sprouted one of the world's fastest-growing and most
innovative bands of Bible thumpers. Launched in 1979 by a young
evangelist named Kip McKean, the Boston Church of Christ has
grown from a 30-member community into a global empire of 103
congregations from California to Cairo with total Sunday
attendance of 50,000.
</p>
<p> Yet along with its success has come a remarkable degree of
opposition. A loose network of "exit counselors" seeks to
pressure church members into quitting. Universities that welcome
all manner of oddball groups on campus actively seek to curb
these evangelists. Critics mail out booklets and tapes
denouncing them. Some defectors -- who number half the converts
since 1979 -- charge that the church has done them psychological
or spiritual harm. Many are crying "cult," although dropout Rick
Bauer thinks "authoritarian sect" is a better label.
</p>
<p> Why all this fuss over a church that expounds no exotic
new heresies and is unbesmirched by financial and sexual
scandals? Hostility focuses especially on the rigid control the
church hierarchy exercises over the lives of members. McKean,
37, who left the 3,700-member Boston flock in 1990 to head its
Los Angeles offshoot, is the undisputed leader. He personally
instructed 10 male elders and assigned them to supervise various
regions around the world. McKean says these leaders govern by
consensus but adds, "I'm the one who gives them direction." Says
Al Baird, a veteran Boston elder: "It's not a dictatorship. It's
a theocracy, with God on top."
</p>
<p> The church, which rents facilities rather than erecting
its own buildings, sponsors rallies in hotels and arenas such
as the Boston Garden and the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles.
One congregation is formed per city. As each expands, it is
broken down into "sectors," which supervise "zones," which in
turn run the neighborhood Bible-study groups that are the
church's main recruiting units.
</p>
<p> Each baptized member is subject to a personal "discipler,"
who gives advice not only on spiritual problems but also on
daily life. Dropouts complain that the advice, which members are
expected to obey, may include such details as where to live,
whom and when to date, what courses to take in school, even how
often to have sex with a spouse. One former convert says he was
led through a detailed financial inventory to ensure that he
would contribute heavily. Despite such extraordinary intrusions,
many insist the group has uplifted them. Boston chiropractor
Ken Lowey, for one, says that before he and his wife Ann signed
up, "there was a real emptiness, no sense of purpose in our
lives."
</p>
<p> Hammered by defectors and opponents, the Boston Church
admits some disciplers may have gone too far and says it will
"readjust" its discipling practices. Formerly, writes Baird,
members were told to obey leaders not only on specific biblical
commands but also on matters of "opinion." Now, he says, leaders
may demand specific evangelistic efforts but not dictate "such
things as choice of food, car, clothes, exact amount of giving."
A discipler's advice may be rejected "without sinning" if a
member is convinced he is doing God's will. But defectors
predict the demands on members will change little.
</p>
<p> The control system is designed to focus energies on
proselytizing. "All you think about is recruiting," says Mark
Trahan, a former Bible-group leader in New York. When Trahan
left in 1990, he was "marked," meaning former church friends
were directed not to contact him. The biggest problem, contends
exit counselor Jeff Davis, is that the group identifies itself
so closely with God that people fear they must forsake God in
order to leave it. All this is especially nettlesome to
conventional Churches of Christ, the conservative body of 1.6
million adherents from which McKean and his colleagues broke
away.
</p>
<p> Randy McKean, who succeeded brother Kip as leader in
Boston, says conflict occurs because "the Bible calls people to
a greater commitment than what they're used to." Even Boston
University chaplain Robert Thornberg, who deems the movement "a
real menace," grants that it has devised an "incredibly
ingenious system for church growth." Indeed, the Boston Movement
shows the effectiveness of getting each church member devoted
to evangelistic effort -- as well as the dangers of identifying
the dictates of man with the will of God.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>